This article was originally published in Fluid Handling Pro on June 29, 2021. Read the original article here. Bioreactor sparging systems are designed to introduce oxygen to feed cell cultures while removing carbon dioxide to prevent toxic buildup. Various bioreactor features and components are critical to optimizing these processes. Spargers, impellers, baffling, and bioreactor shape all […]
Finding the right instrument to measure or control non-Newtonian fluids can be a challenge. Some popular flow technologies like electromagnetic meters can exhibit up to a 20% deviation in accuracy when used for such fluids. Ultrasonic flow meters have also shown up to 15% deviation when used for non-Newtonian fluids transitioning between laminar and turbulent […]
CO2 is used in all kinds of industrial applications; for example, liquid CO2 is commonly used as a cooling agent and solid CO2 (dry ice) as a dairy preservative. Here, we focus on the industrial applications of supercritical CO2 (sCO2). What is sCO2? A supercritical fluid is one that exhibits both gas and liquid properties […]
Aerated chocolate is increasingly popular because of its particular mouthfeel: bubbles in the chocolate make it lighter, with a unique texture. An aerated chocolate bar has more surface area than a standard chocolate bar, which is why it melts faster in your mouth, intensifying its taste. How are bubbles added to chocolate? The short answer: […]
Beer is the beverage of choice for billions of people around the world. Whether ale, lager, or stout, carbon dioxide sparging is the process by which beer gets carbonated – making it the not-so-subtle difference between a refreshing pint and a flat disappointment. The average beer drinker is like to have strong feelings about what […]
The growth of the IoT (Internet of Things) is driving the need for smaller and more ubiquitous sensors. Normally, one thinks of optical or electrical sensors in this context. This type of measurement has typically been in the province of automotive and process control industries and is largely unavailable at the consumer level. Presently, IoT […]
Gasification is a process in which biomass or fossil fuel is converted into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide (syngas or synthetic gas).1 According to Carnot’s theorem of thermodynamic efficiency, the syngas produced is more energy-rich than organic fuel in its combustion due to higher combustion temperatures. Furthermore, syngas can be used directly in gas […]
With protocols for bioprocessing firmly established, there is an increasing focus on reducing the cost of producing biologics, biosimilars, mABs, and other modern medicines requiring bioreactions. Producing these pharmaceuticals promises to revolutionize treatment of many difficult diseases, especially modern scourges that have been resistant to small molecule-based therapies. Focus on cost reduction and improved speed […]
Maintaining accurate response control over the air flow is essential to paint job quality thereby reducing costs on every part painted.
Many applications require the use of custom gas mixtures. Pre-mixed gases are often purchased from compressed gas suppliers, however, it is also a viable solution to purchase pure gases and blend them yourself. Whether buying gases pre-mixed or mixing your own gas, there are several challenges to overcome. Here we discuss common gas mixing challenges […]